VitalSigns::BloodPressure
Class AbstractBloodPressureObservation

"Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels and is one of the principal vital signs. When used without further specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the arterial pressure of the systemic circulation, usually measured at a person's upper arm. A person’s blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic (maximum) pressure over diastolic (minimum) pressure and is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). … Blood pressure varies depending on situation, activity, and disease states, and is regulated by the nervous and endocrine systems. … Chronic hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including kidney failure, heart attack, and stroke." – Wikipedia.

Blood pressure is typically expressed in terms of the systolic pressure over diastolic pressure as if this were a single observation, yet in fact these are two separate observations taken moments apart. In some situations only one of these two are needed and recorded, and some medical devices record only one (either the diastolic or the systolic). Therefore, this abstract class defines those properties that are common to individual systolic and diastolic observations as well as the classic “blood pressure” observation that contains both systolic and diastolic values as if it were one observation. This class defines the bodySite and method that may be needed in order to interpret the observation, as well as pointers to the four qualifier observations that may affect the interpretation.

Attributes
«CS» Code bodyPositionQualifier bodyPositionQualifier

Certain disease states can be detected by observing differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration when the patient’s body is in different positions (e.g., sitting, standing, etc.). It therefore may be necessary to record the patient’s body position when recording the primary observation. This property records an observation of the patient’s body position during the time the heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration rate was observed.
"Position for orthostatic blood pressure." - PCORnet Common Data Model, Vital.BP_Position. Possible values include: Sitting; Standing; Supine; No information; Unknown; Other.

«CS» Code bodySite bodySite

Certain disease states may cause a person’s blood pressure to be different in different parts of the body. It is therefore often important to know where on the body the blood pressure was measured, especially when comparing to other blood pressure measurements.

This property contains the code that specifies the anatomical site or system that is the focus of the Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound” to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to Blood Pressure measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.

«CS» Code cuffSizeQualifier cuffSizeQualifier

The most common method of measuring blood pressure involves the use of an inflatable (Riva-Rocci) cuff to constrict the blood flow during measurement. These cuffs are designed to operate on a specific range of body-part (e.g., arm, thigh) circumferences. Occasionally a cuff is used that is not of the ideal size for the given patient (i.e., the patient may be an infant or an obese adult), usually because the appropriate sized cuff is not available. The use of a non-ideal sized cuff may result in an inaccurate reading, and therefore must be noted. This property indicates the cuff size that was used to obtain the Blood Pressure measurement.

«CS» Code diastolicEndpointQualifier diastolicEndpointQualifier

Of the five sounds defined by Korotkof early in the 20th century, there has been disagreement on whether diastolic pressure should be measured at phase IV (muffling of sound) or phase V (disappearance of sound). In some patients, the measurements can differ significantly. In cases where the distinction is significant, local policy may specify one point or the other: in at least these cases, and potentially all, the phase, or "end point," at which the measurement is taken should be recorded. - Adapted from Practical Management of Hypertension (Birkenhäger, ed.); ABC of Hypertension (Beevers et al); The 5-minute Pediatric Consult (Schwartz, ed).

This property indicates the phase at which the diastolic pressure was measured.

«CS» Code method method

This property contains a code that specifies additional detail about the means or technique used to ascertain the Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound” to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to heart rate measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.

«CS» Code patientStateExertionQualifier patientStateExertionQualifier

Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Respiration, and Blood Oxygen levels naturally vary depending on whether the patient is at rest, or during or shortly after exercise. This property records an sub-observation of whether the patient was at rest, exercising, or recently had been exercising at the time of the measurement.

«CS» Code sleepStatusQualifier sleepStatusQualifier

Blood pressure normally rises and falls depending on whether a person is awake or asleep. This indicates whether the patient was awake or asleep at the time that the Blood Pressure measurement was taken.

Attributes inherited from FHIM::ClinicalObservation::ObservationStatement FHIM::ClinicalObservation::ObservationStatement
basedOn basedOn, bodySite bodySite, category category, componentObservation componentObservation, dataAbsentReason dataAbsentReason, dateTime dateTime, dateTimeIssued dateTimeIssued, deltaFlag deltaFlag, description description, deviceInstance deviceInstance, evaluationProcedure evaluationProcedure, exceptionValue exceptionValue, interpretationEvent interpretationEvent, method method, multimedia multimedia, observed observed, observedCharacteristic observedCharacteristic, referenceRange referenceRange, reliability reliability, resultStatus resultStatus, specimen specimen, value value, derivedFrom derivedFrom, hasMember hasMember, partOf partOf

Attributes inherited from FHIM::Common::ClinicalStatement FHIM::Common::ClinicalStatement
clinicalDataSource clinicalDataSource, contentVersion contentVersion, contextCode contextCode, encounter encounter, note note, recordStatus recordStatus, relatedClinicalInformation relatedClinicalInformation, sourceRecordType sourceRecordType, sourceSystem sourceSystem, subjectGroup subjectGroup, subjectOfInformation subjectOfInformation, subjectOfRecord subjectOfRecord, temporalContext temporalContext, topicCode topicCode, cosigned cosigned, recorded recorded, signed signed, verified verified

Attributes inherited from FHIM::Common::InformationEntry FHIM::Common::InformationEntry
identifier identifier

Properties:

Alias
Classifier Behavior
Is Abstracttrue
Is Activefalse
Is Leaffalse
Keywords
NameAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Name Expression
NamespaceBloodPressure
Owned Template Signature
OwnerBloodPressure
Owning Template Parameter
PackageBloodPressure
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation
Representation
Stereotype
Template Parameter
VisibilityPublic

Attribute Details

 bodyPositionQualifier
Public «CS» Code bodyPositionQualifier

Certain disease states can be detected by observing differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration when the patient’s body is in different positions (e.g., sitting, standing, etc.). It therefore may be necessary to record the patient’s body position when recording the primary observation. This property records an observation of the patient’s body position during the time the heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration rate was observed.
"Position for orthostatic blood pressure." - PCORnet Common Data Model, Vital.BP_Position. Possible values include: Sitting; Standing; Supine; No information; Unknown; Other.

Constraints:
Properties:

AggregationNone
Alias
Association
Association End
ClassAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Compositefalse
Is Derivedfalse
Is Derived Unionfalse
Is Leaffalse
Is Orderedfalse
Is Read Onlyfalse
Is Staticfalse
Is Uniquetrue
Keywords
Lower0
Lower Value(0)
Multiplicity0..1
NamebodyPositionQualifier
Name Expression
NamespaceAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Opposite
OwnerAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation::bodyPositionQualifier
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type«CS» Code
Upper1
Upper Value(1)
VisibilityPublic


 bodySite
Public «CS» Code bodySite

Certain disease states may cause a person’s blood pressure to be different in different parts of the body. It is therefore often important to know where on the body the blood pressure was measured, especially when comparing to other blood pressure measurements.

This property contains the code that specifies the anatomical site or system that is the focus of the Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound” to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to Blood Pressure measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.

Constraints:
Properties:

AggregationNone
Alias
Association
Association End
ClassAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Compositefalse
Is Derivedfalse
Is Derived Unionfalse
Is Leaffalse
Is Orderedfalse
Is Read Onlyfalse
Is Staticfalse
Is Uniquetrue
Keywordsredefine
Lower0
Lower Value(0)
Multiplicity0..1
NamebodySite
Name Expression
NamespaceAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Opposite
OwnerAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation::bodySite
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type«CS» Code
Upper1
Upper Value(1)
VisibilityPublic


 cuffSizeQualifier
Public «CS» Code cuffSizeQualifier

The most common method of measuring blood pressure involves the use of an inflatable (Riva-Rocci) cuff to constrict the blood flow during measurement. These cuffs are designed to operate on a specific range of body-part (e.g., arm, thigh) circumferences. Occasionally a cuff is used that is not of the ideal size for the given patient (i.e., the patient may be an infant or an obese adult), usually because the appropriate sized cuff is not available. The use of a non-ideal sized cuff may result in an inaccurate reading, and therefore must be noted. This property indicates the cuff size that was used to obtain the Blood Pressure measurement.

Constraints:
Properties:

AggregationNone
Alias
Association
Association End
ClassAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Compositefalse
Is Derivedfalse
Is Derived Unionfalse
Is Leaffalse
Is Orderedfalse
Is Read Onlyfalse
Is Staticfalse
Is Uniquetrue
Keywords
Lower0
Lower Value(0)
Multiplicity0..1
NamecuffSizeQualifier
Name Expression
NamespaceAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Opposite
OwnerAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation::cuffSizeQualifier
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type«CS» Code
Upper1
Upper Value(1)
VisibilityPublic


 diastolicEndpointQualifier
Public «CS» Code diastolicEndpointQualifier

Of the five sounds defined by Korotkof early in the 20th century, there has been disagreement on whether diastolic pressure should be measured at phase IV (muffling of sound) or phase V (disappearance of sound). In some patients, the measurements can differ significantly. In cases where the distinction is significant, local policy may specify one point or the other: in at least these cases, and potentially all, the phase, or "end point," at which the measurement is taken should be recorded. - Adapted from Practical Management of Hypertension (Birkenhäger, ed.); ABC of Hypertension (Beevers et al); The 5-minute Pediatric Consult (Schwartz, ed).

This property indicates the phase at which the diastolic pressure was measured.

Constraints:
Properties:

AggregationNone
Alias
Association
Association End
ClassAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Compositefalse
Is Derivedfalse
Is Derived Unionfalse
Is Leaffalse
Is Orderedfalse
Is Read Onlyfalse
Is Staticfalse
Is Uniquetrue
Keywords
Lower0
Lower Value(0)
Multiplicity0..1
NamediastolicEndpointQualifier
Name Expression
NamespaceAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Opposite
OwnerAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation::diastolicEndpointQualifier
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type«CS» Code
Upper1
Upper Value(1)
VisibilityPublic


 method
Public «CS» Code method

This property contains a code that specifies additional detail about the means or technique used to ascertain the Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound” to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to heart rate measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.

Constraints:
Properties:

AggregationNone
Alias
Association
Association End
ClassAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Compositefalse
Is Derivedfalse
Is Derived Unionfalse
Is Leaffalse
Is Orderedfalse
Is Read Onlyfalse
Is Staticfalse
Is Uniquetrue
Keywordsredefine
Lower0
Lower Value(0)
Multiplicity0..1
Namemethod
Name Expression
NamespaceAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Opposite
OwnerAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation::method
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type«CS» Code
Upper1
Upper Value(1)
VisibilityPublic


 patientStateExertionQualifier
Public «CS» Code patientStateExertionQualifier

Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Respiration, and Blood Oxygen levels naturally vary depending on whether the patient is at rest, or during or shortly after exercise. This property records an sub-observation of whether the patient was at rest, exercising, or recently had been exercising at the time of the measurement.

Constraints:
Properties:

AggregationNone
Alias
Association
Association End
ClassAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Compositefalse
Is Derivedfalse
Is Derived Unionfalse
Is Leaffalse
Is Orderedfalse
Is Read Onlyfalse
Is Staticfalse
Is Uniquetrue
Keywords
Lower0
Lower Value(0)
Multiplicity0..1
NamepatientStateExertionQualifier
Name Expression
NamespaceAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Opposite
OwnerAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation::patientStateExertionQualifier
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type«CS» Code
Upper1
Upper Value(1)
VisibilityPublic


 sleepStatusQualifier
Public «CS» Code sleepStatusQualifier

Blood pressure normally rises and falls depending on whether a person is awake or asleep. This indicates whether the patient was awake or asleep at the time that the Blood Pressure measurement was taken.

Constraints:
Properties:

AggregationNone
Alias
Association
Association End
ClassAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Compositefalse
Is Derivedfalse
Is Derived Unionfalse
Is Leaffalse
Is Orderedfalse
Is Read Onlyfalse
Is Staticfalse
Is Uniquetrue
Keywords
Lower0
Lower Value(0)
Multiplicity0..1
NamesleepStatusQualifier
Name Expression
NamespaceAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Opposite
OwnerAbstractBloodPressureObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified NameFHIM::VitalSigns::BloodPressure::AbstractBloodPressureObservation::sleepStatusQualifier
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type«CS» Code
Upper1
Upper Value(1)
VisibilityPublic