Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of poundings of the heart per unit of time — typically beats per minute (bpm). The heart rate is commonly measured by observing the patient’s pulse, which is the physical expansion of the artery. The pulse commonly taken is from the radial artery at the wrist. Sometimes the pulse cannot be taken at the wrist and is taken at the elbow (brachial artery), at the neck against the carotid artery (carotid pulse), behind the knee (popliteal artery), or in the foot dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial arteries. In addition, the heart rate may be measured directly electrocardiography (adapted from Wikipedia).

This class represents the measurement (or “clinical observation�) of the patient’s heart rate. This class re-defines the generic clinical Observation class to fix the observed characteristic to LOINC 8867-4 and to set the data type of the observation value to a Physical Quantity Ratio. It also redefines the bodySite and method properties such that they are bound to the Heart Rate Measurement Site and Heart Rate Measurement Method valuesets, respectively.

Attributes
«CS» Code	bodySite	This property contains the code that specifies the anatomical site or system that is the focus of the observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound� to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to heart rate measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.
«CS» Code	method	This property contains the code that specifies additional detail about the means or technique used to ascertain the Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound� to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to heart rate measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.
«CS» Code	patientPositionQualifier	Certain disease states can be detected by observing differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration when the patient’s body is in different positions (e.g., sitting, standing, etc.). It therefore may be necessary to record the patient’s body position when recording the primary observation. This property records an observation of the patient’s body position during the time the heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration rate was observed.
«CS» Code	patientStateExertionQualifier	Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Respiration, and Blood Oxygen levels naturally vary depending on whether the patient is at rest, or during or shortly after exercise. This property records an sub-observation of whether the patient was at rest, exercising, or recently had been exercising at the time of the measurement.
«PQ» Quantity	value	This property contains the result, or value of the clinical Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, the data type for this property can be anything. Heart rate is expressed in terms of beats per minute. Therefore, this property has been re-defined to constrain the data type to be a Quantity, expressed in terms of beats per minute. Note that while beats per minute is technically a Ratio, it is always expressed in terms of one minute, so it can be thought of as a unit of measure rather than a full-fledged ratio.

Attributes inherited from  FHIM::ClinicalObservation::ObservationStatement

basedOn,  bodySite,  category,  componentObservation,  dataAbsentReason,  dateTime,  dateTimeIssued,  deltaFlag,  description,  deviceInstance,  evaluationProcedure,  exceptionValue,  interpretationEvent,  method,  multimedia,  observed,  observedCharacteristic,  referenceRange,  reliability,  resultStatus,  specimen,  value,  derivedFrom,  hasMember,  partOf

Attributes inherited from  FHIM::Common::ClinicalStatement

clinicalDataSource,  contentVersion,  contextCode,  encounter,  note,  recordStatus,  relatedClinicalInformation,  sourceRecordType,  sourceSystem,  subjectGroup,  subjectOfInformation,  subjectOfRecord,  temporalContext,  topicCode,  cosigned,  recorded,  signed,  verified

Attributes inherited from  FHIM::Common::InformationEntry

identifier

 bodySite

Public Â«CS» Code bodySite

This property contains the code that specifies the anatomical site or system that is the focus of the observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound� to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to heart rate measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.

Constraints:

Properties:

Aggregation	None
Alias
Association
Association End
Class	HeartRateObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Composite	false
Is Derived	false
Is Derived Union	false
Is Leaf	false
Is Ordered	false
Is Read Only	false
Is Static	false
Is Unique	true
Keywords	redefine
Lower	0
Lower Value	(0)
Multiplicity	0..1
Name	bodySite
Name Expression
Namespace	HeartRateObservation
Opposite
Owner	HeartRateObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified Name	FHIM::VitalSigns::HeartRate::HeartRateObservation::bodySite
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type	«CS» Code
Upper	1
Upper Value	(1)
Visibility	Public

 method

Public Â«CS» Code method

This property contains the code that specifies additional detail about the means or technique used to ascertain the Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, this code is not “bound� to a particular value set. In this class, the property is re-defined to a set of values that are appropriate to heart rate measurements. These values come from the SNOMED-CT coding system.

Constraints:

Properties:

Aggregation	None
Alias
Association
Association End
Class	HeartRateObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Composite	false
Is Derived	false
Is Derived Union	false
Is Leaf	false
Is Ordered	false
Is Read Only	false
Is Static	false
Is Unique	true
Keywords	redefine
Lower	0
Lower Value	(0)
Multiplicity	0..1
Name	method
Name Expression
Namespace	HeartRateObservation
Opposite
Owner	HeartRateObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified Name	FHIM::VitalSigns::HeartRate::HeartRateObservation::method
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type	«CS» Code
Upper	1
Upper Value	(1)
Visibility	Public

 patientPositionQualifier

Public Â«CS» Code patientPositionQualifier

Certain disease states can be detected by observing differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration when the patient’s body is in different positions (e.g., sitting, standing, etc.). It therefore may be necessary to record the patient’s body position when recording the primary observation. This property records an observation of the patient’s body position during the time the heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration rate was observed.

Constraints:

Properties:

Aggregation	None
Alias
Association
Association End
Class	HeartRateObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Composite	false
Is Derived	false
Is Derived Union	false
Is Leaf	false
Is Ordered	false
Is Read Only	false
Is Static	false
Is Unique	true
Keywords
Lower	0
Lower Value	(0)
Multiplicity	0..1
Name	patientPositionQualifier
Name Expression
Namespace	HeartRateObservation
Opposite
Owner	HeartRateObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified Name	FHIM::VitalSigns::HeartRate::HeartRateObservation::patientPositionQualifier
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type	«CS» Code
Upper	1
Upper Value	(1)
Visibility	Public

 patientStateExertionQualifier

Public Â«CS» Code patientStateExertionQualifier

Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, Respiration, and Blood Oxygen levels naturally vary depending on whether the patient is at rest, or during or shortly after exercise. This property records an sub-observation of whether the patient was at rest, exercising, or recently had been exercising at the time of the measurement.

Constraints:

Properties:

Aggregation	None
Alias
Association
Association End
Class	HeartRateObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Composite	false
Is Derived	false
Is Derived Union	false
Is Leaf	false
Is Ordered	false
Is Read Only	false
Is Static	false
Is Unique	true
Keywords
Lower	0
Lower Value	(0)
Multiplicity	0..1
Name	patientStateExertionQualifier
Name Expression
Namespace	HeartRateObservation
Opposite
Owner	HeartRateObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified Name	FHIM::VitalSigns::HeartRate::HeartRateObservation::patientStateExertionQualifier
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type	«CS» Code
Upper	1
Upper Value	(1)
Visibility	Public

 value

Public Â«PQ» Quantity value

This property contains the result, or value of the clinical Observation. In the generic clinical Observation class, the data type for this property can be anything. Heart rate is expressed in terms of beats per minute. Therefore, this property has been re-defined to constrain the data type to be a Quantity, expressed in terms of beats per minute. Note that while beats per minute is technically a Ratio, it is always expressed in terms of one minute, so it can be thought of as a unit of measure rather than a full-fledged ratio.

Constraints:

Properties:

Aggregation	None
Alias
Association
Association End
Class	HeartRateObservation
Datatype
Default
Default Value
Is Composite	false
Is Derived	false
Is Derived Union	false
Is Leaf	false
Is Ordered	false
Is Read Only	false
Is Static	false
Is Unique	true
Keywords	redefine
Lower	1
Lower Value	(1)
Multiplicity	1
Name	value
Name Expression
Namespace	HeartRateObservation
Opposite
Owner	HeartRateObservation
Owning Association
Owning Template Parameter
Qualified Name	FHIM::VitalSigns::HeartRate::HeartRateObservation::value
Stereotype
Template Parameter
Type	«PQ» Quantity
Upper	1
Upper Value	(1)
Visibility	Public